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A fadiga crônica é um sintoma debilitante frequentemente presente em pacientes com doenças reumatológicas, como fibromialgia, artrite reumatoide e lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Evidências crescentes sugerem que a neuroinflamação desempenha um papel central na fisiopatologia dessa condição, estando associada à ativação persistente do sistema imunológico, disfunção autonômica e comprometimento do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal. Este estudo realizou uma revisão narrativa da literatura para avaliar o papel da neuroinflamação na fadiga crônica em doenças reumatológicas, com ênfase nos biomarcadores inflamatórios e suas implicações clínicas. Foram selecionados 23 artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2025, obtidos a partir da base de dados PubMed. Os achados indicam que biomarcadores como IL-6, TNF-α e PCR estão consistentemente elevados nesses pacientes e correlacionam-se com a gravidade dos sintomas. Além disso, a ativação da micróglia e dos astrócitos contribui para a hipersensibilidade neural e a amplificação da percepção da fadiga. A interação entre neuroinflamação e disfunção autonômica também foi evidenciada, sugerindo a necessidade de abordagens terapêuticas direcionadas à modulação da resposta inflamatória e ao reequilíbrio do sistema nervoso. Conclui-se que a identificação de biomarcadores inflamatórios pode auxiliar na estratificação de pacientes e na personalização do tratamento, possibilitando avanços no manejo clínico da fadiga crônica em doenças reumatológicas.
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