Prevenção de infecção do trato urinário em pacientes críticos: Revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are strongly associated with the use of urinary catheters in critically ill patients, especially in intensive care units, where their impact increases length of stay, morbidity and mortality. Despite prevention policies and guidelines, the high incidence persists both in Brazil and internationally, highlighting the need to strengthen evidence-based nursing interventions to prevent these infections. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on nursing interventions to prevent urinary tract infections in critically ill patients. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review performed in the VHL and PubMed databases using the descriptors "Catheter-Related Infections", "Disease Prevention", "Patient Safety", "Nursing Care". Results and Discussion: Thirteen articles made up the corpus of analysis and it was found that the implementation of infection reduction programs in ICUs is effective in combating UTI, especially when they combine different strategies based on scientific evidence with a focus on patient safety and a multidisciplinary approach. Interventions include the implementation of protocols, the introduction of daily catheter removal reminders, and the adoption of professional education practices.  However, implementation is challenging due to overburdening of the nursing team. Conclusions: The literature presents different interventions to prevent UTI, highlighting that a multiprofessional team must be involved for success.