REFRACTIVE SURGERY: INNOVATIONS AND SAFETY IN THE TREATMENT OF MYOPIA, HYPEROPIA AND ASTIGMATISM

Abstract

This article presents a review of the literature on technological innovations and the safety of refractive surgery, focusing on the treatment of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism, aiming to provide a comprehensive view of advances in techniques, treatment personalization and long-term challenges. term. The objective was to evaluate the impacts of new technologies, such as femtosecond, excimer and SMILE lasers, as well as discuss patient selection criteria and postoperative complications, such as refractive regression. The methodology involved a careful search in scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, with the inclusion of studies published between 2010 and 2023 that addressed the effectiveness, safety and psychosocial impact of refractive surgery. The analysis of the selected studies was qualitative, categorizing the main technological innovations, clinical results and associated complications. The results showed that the latest technologies increased the precision and safety of procedures, with improvements in postoperative recovery and patients' quality of life, but also highlighted challenges such as the need for touch-ups and managing expectations. In conclusion, refractive surgery continues to evolve, and personalization of treatment, combined with close monitoring and management of patient expectations, is crucial to optimizing long-term results and ensuring patient satisfaction and safety.