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Abstract
Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often resulting in permanent neurological deficits. In recent years, significant advances in surgical techniques have offered new perspectives for the treatment of these cases, aiming to minimize brain damage and improve patient recovery. Objectives: To analyze recent advances in emerging surgical techniques for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methodology: The research was carried out through online access to the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) databases in August 2024. Results and Discussions: Advances in surgical techniques for the treatment of TBI, such as minimally invasive surgery, neuroendoscopy, and the use of intracranial monitoring devices, have shown improvements in patient neurological outcomes. Recent studies indicate that early and less invasive intervention can reduce intracranial pressure, minimize secondary damage, and accelerate functional recovery. However, results vary depending on the severity of the injury and the time of intervention. Emerging techniques show great potential, but long-term studies are still needed to prove their efficacy and safety in different populations. Personalization of treatment, taking into account the type and extent of TBI, will be essential to optimize clinical results. Conclusion: Emerging surgical techniques for the treatment of TBI have shown promising advances in improving neurological recovery, especially with less invasive approaches. Although initial results are encouraging, further studies are needed to evaluate long-term effects and applicability in different patient profiles. The continued evolution of these technologies and personalization of treatment will be essential to optimize clinical outcomes in the management of TBI.
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