Tendência preocupante: a incidência da meningite em crianças de 0 a 4 anos no Brasil (2020-2023)

Abstract

Meningitis is a severe inflammatory disease that affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, being particularly concerning in children due to the immaturity of their immune system, which complicates early diagnosis and increases the risk of severe complications. The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of meningitis cases in children aged 0 to 4 years across the five Brazilian macro-regions from 2020 to 2023 and to discuss the possible relationship between this trend and vaccination coverage. The analysis was based on data from DATASUS. The results showed a worrying increase in meningitis cases during the period, particularly in the Southeast region, which had the highest number of cases in all years analyzed. The possible relationship between the increase in cases and vaccination coverage, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, is highlighted as a critical factor. Although a decrease in cases was observed in 2023, the numbers remain high compared to previous years, suggesting the need for continued actions. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of public policies focused on childhood vaccination and public education to combat misinformation and protect children's health against meningitis.